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HERMANET THE G.O.A.T.
Famous Trials Site
Court Systems Vocabulary Matching
​Quizlet Review
12 Angry Men Response Questions
12 Angry Men Juror Diagram

Court Systems

1. Before deciding to litigate (take a dispute to court) many people try alternative dispute resolution or ADR:

    a.  Negotiation:the parties discuss the dispute with each other.
    b.  Mediation:a third  party listens to the case and tries to develop a non-binding solutionacceptable to both parties.
    c.  Arbitration:a third party listens to he case and develops a binding solution to the dispute.

2.Jurisdiction (power and authority to hear a case):

    a.  Original jurisdiction:a trial court is the first to hear a dispute. Usually, a transcript (or written record) is created at the trial  court.
    b.  Appellate jurisdiction: an  appellate court rules on the appropriateness of trial procedure andapplication of law after a trial court has  ruled on guilt or
        innocence.
    c.  General jurisdiction:any case can be  heard.
    d.  Special jurisdiction:only one type of  case can be heard.

3.  The United States has a dual court system, one at the federal level and one at the state level.The U.S. Constitution and the Constitutions of the individual 
    states spell out these systems.

4.  The Federal System
    a.  Federal  courts have jurisdiction over
            i.  Actions in which the U.S. or a state is a party
           ii.  Cases that raise a federal question
          iii.  Diversity of Citizenship cases (actions between citizens of different states, between a U.S. citizen and a citizen of a foreign nation where the     
          amount of money in each case involved exceeds $75,000)
    b.  The U.S.  Supreme court hears cases involving ambassadors, state government as a party and  federal/constitutional matters.
     c. The Federal Court System is organized as follows:
Picture
​ 

5.  The NY State Court System

     a  .State courts have jurisdiction over all matters involving those not specifically  delegated to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution.These include 
      marriage/divorce, child custody, wills, etc.
     b.  The NYS court system is organized as follows:
Picture









6. Other Courts

    a.  Small  claims court – involves disputes < $2500
    b.Probate  court – administers wills and estates (for when people pass away)

7.  Court System Terms to Know:

    a.  Criminal  Trial
    b.  Civil  Trial
    c.  Affidavit
    d.  Judgment
    e.  Bail
    f.  Verdict
    g. Petit  Jury
    h. Remand
    i. Plea
    j. Amend
    k. Voire  Dire
    l. Reverse
    m. Arbitrate
    n. Affirm
    o. Negotiate
    p. Mediate
    q. Grand  Jury
    r. Subpoena
    s. Arraignment
    t. Answer
    u. Arrest
    v. Complaint
    w. Indictment

8.  Be ready to discuss key concepts from the film, “12 Angry Men.”

9. Steps in a Civil Trial:

 Complaint, Answer, Discovery, Pretrial Hearing, (Motion to dismiss?), Trial, Verdict (Guilty/Not Guilty), Sentence, Fine/Specific Performance/Injunction

10. Steps in a Criminal Trial:

Arrest, Discovery, Grand Jury Review of Evidence, (Insufficient Evidence, charges dropped), Indictment, Arraignment & Plea, (Guilty plea- sentence), Not Guilty plea- trial, Verdict, Sentence, Fine or Jail

11. Discussion Circle: Jury System

    a.  What are  some arguments FOR and against the system?
     b.  Is it  fair?
     c.  Does it  always work?
    d. What  concerns do some people have with the jury sytem?

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